The research strategy and the limitations

The research strategy and the limitations 3.1 Introduction Methodology can generally be described as the analysis of, and rationale for, the particular method or methods used in a given study, and in that type of study in general (Jankowicz, 2005). This chapter is initially concerned with identifying the best research philosophy to be adopted, as this contains important assumptions about the way in which the world is viewed by the researcher, and it is these assumptions that underpin the chosen research strategy and its associated methods (Saunders et al 2009). This chapter therefore starts with an explanation of the philosophical approach chosen by the researcher; then the chapter details the research strategy, and this section also explains the limitations of using such methods. Further this section will explains the research design, method data collections, sampling methods and limitations. 3.2 Research Philosophy, axiology and approach 3.2.1 Research Philosophy The Data collection techniques most often used approach basis for this research project is a mix of critical realism and interpretivism. As Johnson and Clark (2006) note, as business and management researchers we need to be aware if the philosophical commitments we make through our choice of research strategy since this has significant impact not only on what we do but we understand what it is we are investigating. The Research Onion Source: Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2008 In selecting the research philosophy and the methodology it is appropriate to access the researchers relationship with the research topic (Fisher, 2004) and attitude towards knowledge and reality. Saunders et al (2009) suggests experiment or survey as appropriate research strategies for research testing hypotheses founded on existing theory. In the above figure the realism and Interpretivism with epistemological approach will suits the research topic. To interpret different account holders in concepts the interpretive approach will helps here and the realism will helps to find the connection between the different variables. 3.2.2 Research Axiology According to (Saunders et al, 2009) research axiology is a branch of philosophy that studies judgements about values. The role that owns values play in all stages of the research process is of great importance if the research results want to be credible (Heron 1996). Research is based on world views, cultural experience and upbringing in realism (Saunders et al, 2009). This is important and relevant to the research topic as it is undertaking in the organization which I worked before doing masters program. This topic has been personally motivated me to go through research question and have firsthand experience in knowing the difficulties facing by human resource in controlling attrition rate in BPO companies. 3.2.3 Research Approach The research approach is aim at the high level management and middle level management employees of BPO companies and it can be done with both deductive and Inductive approach for analyzing the research data. Creswell (2002) suggests a number of particular criteria and perhaps the most important of the research approach are the emphasis of the research and nature of the research topic. According to Robson (2002) lists five sequential stages in deductive approach to progress positive results in quantitative analysis Deducting a hypothesis (a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more concepts or variables) from the theory; (Saunder 2009) Expressing the hypothesis in operational terms (that is, indicating exactly how the concepts or variables are to be measured), which propose a relationship between two specific concepts or variables; (Saunder 2009) Testing this operational hypothesis (this will involve one or more of the strategies) (Saunder 2009) Examining the specific outcome of the inquiry (it will either tend to confirm the theory or indicate the need for its modification); (Saunder 2009) If necessary. Modifying the theory in the light of the feelings. (Saunder 2009) Deductive approach will suits the research topic in conducting the survey questionnaire (Gill and Johnson 2002) to use structured methodology to facilitate replication and this approach is quicker to complete the data collection and it can predict the time schedules accurately and can be done in one take. Inductive approach will help this research to conduct semi-structured interviews with exit managers and supervisors in BPO companies through Skype online video conversation and understand the situation very quickly and instantly. Traditional research can be done with various methods of collecting the data in order to establish different views of phenomena (Easterby-Smith et al. 2008). Easterby-Smith et al. (2008) argues that knowledge of the different research traditions enables to adapt research design and these may be practical, involving, say, limited access to data, or due to lack of subject knowledge. Research topic will be very practical in conducting survey questionnaire with BPO employees and semi-conducted interviews with managers as Hakim (2000) uses an architectural metaphor to illustrate the choice of approach. She introduce the notion of the researchers preferred style, which rather like the architects, may reflect à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.the architects own preferences and ideasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the stylistic preferences of those who pay for the work and have to live with the final result. 3.3 Research Strategy The strategy used for this dissertation is a Survey study. (Saunders et al, 2009) the Survey is usually associated with the deductive approach and it is very popular strategy in research and frequently used to answer who, what, where, how much and how many questions. Surveys are popular as they allow the collection of a large amount of data from a sizeable population in a highly economical way (Saunders 2009). Often obtained by using a questionnaire administered to a sample and standardized data to compare easy with the results given by BPO employees. According to Saunders et al, 2009 the survey strategy allows to collect quantitative data which can analyze quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics and using the survey strategy give more control over the research process and when the sampling is done with BPO employees and exit managers. 3.4 Research Design India BPO industry is still just in its developing edge except in manufacturing sector, which has already become a leader in Global offshore outsourcing lied to the low cost labor and semi-skilled labor pool. According to the India outsourcing associations report, it is believed that most of BPO projects are contracted by a small number of state- owned companies which accounts for around 70% of all revenue. Therefore, in this study, we only take those service providers with offshore experience into consideration. This research sources mainly based on a pre-structured questionnaire which derived from researcher Terdiman and Berg (2001)s Country Selection Model to collect primary data. Besides it, a limited number of online video interviews were also carried out for better understanding the survey by questionnaire. In order to minimize the bias of information given by responds, the secondary data came from available journals in the field as well as reports from field associations in both countries as the objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of the industry service providers rather than MNCs, BPO practices related to human resource management. The information and data obtained from the questionnaire survey was analyzed using the Country selection model from researcher Terdiman and Berg (2001). It served as basis model to analyzed information from questionnaire survey. The model was chosen because it critically covers the important reasons why human resource facing the problems in controlling attrition rate in BPO companies. Basically, it will test out the attractive factors relatively in BPO companies. The outcome of interview analyzed in line with theoretical models so bias can be minimized. Process of outsourcing model (source: Brown and Wilson, 2005) applied for interview outc ome analysis to identify which part still need to improve in order to have better performance. One approach which begins deductively makes use of data categories and codes that derive from the theoretical frameworks to analyze the collected data (Saunders et al, 2009). The implications of different data give a essential insight and guide for new human resource strategies in controlling the attrition rate and retain best employees. 3.5 Reliability Threats to reliability Reliability refers to the extent to which our data collection techniques or analysis procedures with yield consistent findings. (Easterby-Smith et al. 2008:109). Questionnaire used in this research will aims to find the new strategies in human resource management at BPO companies and the survey data will be more reliable and very confidentially. According to Robson (2002) there is a threat in doing semi structured interviews as we may get different results with different employees and the company will not allow revealing every information regarding HR policies to external media and peoples. 3.6 Research procedures Data collection consisted of a well-structured questionnaire considered as primary data in both BPO companies which I using for this research (Cognizant Technology Solutions Private Limited and Bank of America Continuum Solutions Private Limited) and the research will be done through online application Survey console. The sample needs to be large enough to be statistically significant and broad enough to avoid any limitations of common experiences. This is best satisfied using automated techniques, which also address challenges presented by time zone and availability of busy professionals. As the professionals concerned live out of suitcases but must be effective when travelling away from base locations, it is assumed a web-based survey is appropriate. The survey was built online using a wizard style interface to select question styles and validate responses. Survey Console simplifies building the survey with the inclusion of some common question sets, such as demographics, which can be tailored to the needs of the individual survey (e.g. question 1). Building took place during late July and early August 2010. Testing was conducted initially personally and subsequently by colleagues experienced in creating surveys. Survey Console provides a testing mechanism allowing a preview of the survey to be accessed and completed online, without storing the results. The testing includes the e-mail notification function. Colleagues were able to realistically confirm the time taken to complete the survey is within the intended 10 to 12 minute limit self-imposed during the design. Professional license will be used in this survey for reliable report with all survey results in structured format with graphs, standard deviation and with unlimited questions. And secondary data for this study was drawn from wide resources according to Yin (2003)s suggestion that information obtained from interviewees are often subjective, therefore, secondary data is necessary to be gained from companys published report and others. As author fortunately have some contacts with people who working in this field. It made it possible to have chance for face to face interview with some of relevant persons. Therefore, The research data for this study will be also draw based on qualitative data that can generally be defined as non-numerical data or data that have not been quantified (Saunders et al, 2009). The character of this data is mostly primary data which is defined as material that you have gathered yourself (Jankowicz, 2005). It is always useful to gain information face to face to add bonus to primary data that conducted based on well- structured questionnaire. Requesting gaining access email from BPO company Cognizant Technology Solutions Private Limited. Request email sent to Manager BPO operations in Cognizant Technology Solutions Private Limited. Approval email received from BPO Company for conducting survey Email received from Mr. Hari Krishna (Operations manager) to conduct survey through online tool with their employees. Online survey invitation to BPO employees Survey console can generate automatically an invitation emails to all the BPO employees by sending a link in the email to do the survey and the average time track can be done through online survey. Sampling methods Qualitative enquiry is very often about depth, nuance and complexity, and understanding how these work. Therefore, the act of concussing through sampling is likely to be as strategic as it is practical (Mason.J, 2002). In order to obtain relevant information for the study, 2 companies with offshore BPO have only been carefully selected for a questionnaire survey even though it was random selected based. Besides that, semi-structured interviews will be arranged to obtain an insight HRM in BPO industry. The overall response rate for the questionnaire was 95% through survey console and 5% in semi-structured interviews. 3.7 Limitations to the research The important limitations need to be highlighted in this research. Firstly the research will be taken in online web application Survey console there is a chance to do twice or more times the survey by the same person and Secondly there will be Internet constraint may be some people cant do the survey due to company lock on the private websites in the company and no internet access at their homes. The sample size apparently will be third limitation to the project with a small number of sample selected discredit the accuracy, reliability of the information obtained. 3.6 Ethinical considerations According to (Robson 2002; Sekaran 2003) the key stage of this research is to gain the access from the organizations to conduct the survey. In this research the data which is collected by all BPO employees will be stored with very confidential and do not reveal at any cost to the external clients. And the approach for gaining access and collecting data is very professional manner through online application. 3.7 Summary The philosophical approach to the research is given and the appropriate research methods to reflect this approach have been explained and justified. Equally the rationale for the rejection of inappropriate methods has also been explained. The research design including the procedures, strategy and reliability of the research are also described with ethical considerations when conducting the research survey. Therefore this chapter will laid the options for collecting the data and analyze the research methods in conducting survey, findings and analysis can be described in chapter 4.

Should Doctors Be Tried in Consumer Courts

The Indian Supreme Court has ruled that doctors can be sued for medical negligence in consumer courts set up under India's consumer protection act of 1986. The landmark judgment, delivered last week, caps the nine year old controversy over whether doctors providing medical services to patients on payment of fees can be held liable under this act. Responding to appeals by doctors against earlier judgments by state high courts, the Supreme Court ruled that patients aggrieved by deficiencies in medical services rendered for payment can claim damages Should doctors be tried in consumer courts? This issue requires much debate, a lot of questioning, also a lot of introspection. But before we do that, let me ask, why do we limit ourselves to consumer courts Why are we afraid to move to criminal courts if the quantum of crime is culpable enough to be tried only in criminal courts When I say this, I wish to emphasize on the point that doctors are after all human beings. They are bound to get carried away by pleasure of life, greed for money and desire for a lavish lifestyle. This may encourage the devils inside them, they may switch over to illegal activities, may mint quick money and fulfill their hiddendesires. Somebody, at this instance, may like to raise a point that doctors are human beings also when they are performing complex surgeries. They are bound to make small mistakes, forget a glove back in the stomach of a patient, inadvertently give a wrong injection, prescribe unknowingly a useless drug. Agreed!!! I don’t suggest harsh punishment for such situations. But I wish that we do not neglect this issue in totality and that too for two reasons. One, because if we allow a doctor to got scott free after leaving a surgical instrument into a patient’s abdomen, we are encouraging his carelessness. There is one in every chance that this mistake may repeat itself and the doctor will never repent for it. Another reason I discourage this practice is- A black sheep in the herd of dedicated doctors, may, under the veil of â€Å"Non purposeful mistake†; Do illegal activities. He, for his unethical gains, perform acts as – prescribe a banned drug to his patient and when he get access to it, supply it potential buyers abroad. Not only this, on pretext of a small operation, he may remove vital organs from the body of a patient while the patient remains in dark. Unlawful activities, but with a lesser criminal intention, could be purposefully keeping a patient in ICU although there is no need of it!!! This point reminds me of a case, where in a patient’s family proved themselves smart enough for the doctors. Let me give a first hand description of this, although in brief. A patient on death bed, with serious kidney malfunction was admitted in a government hospital. Observing the serious condition of the patient, he was instantaneously recommended to a better equipped private hospital. Unfortunately, he breathed his last on the way. Promptly the private hospital issued a death certificate. Unsatisfied with the callous attitude of doctors from government hospitals he was again admitted in the government hospital. The hospital declared him dead after two days, issued a huge bill along with a death certificate. Armed with two death certificates issued on two different dates, the family published the horror story in media channels. This story is another reason why I did not blame only private hospitals and private doctors of illegal bunglings, because that would have shielded all government employed doctors. I blame this situation on the society as a whole and government policies in particular. Society because every 1 in 5 families of a patient is willing enough to have an illegal organ transplant or blood transfusion from an illegal source; if it guarantees the welfare of the patient. This encourages doctors to switch to illegal means for any need, small or big. And the government policies are equally responsible because the scenario since independence, by and large remains the same. There has been no increase in the numbers of opportunities available to this class of people whom we call doctors. Instead we expect them to serve the masses, with minimal(or sometimes even nil) infrastructure, no incentives and when compared to their better offs in IT and MANAGEMENT sectors, only a handful are able to give competition. But before blaming anyone else, Is it not the moral and ethical responsibility of a doctor to serve selflessly his fellow beings? Is this not the first thing taught in medical colleges?!! May be I am keeping my foot on one more debatable topic.!!!! ? Now let me stir the pot a bit more. People die, as sure as they are born, they will die. Its a fact of life and one had better learn to accept it. People do not die ONLY because of doctors mistakes. If my memory does not fail me, the lady, whose death caused the JJ Hospital incident, was 75 years old. No details about what she was suffering from, on how long she was ailing, or the condition she was brought to the hospital in. Despite lacking these vital dfetails, you are ready to accept that the death was due to negligence. That is being unfair. Years ago, when I was still a houseman, we had a patient brought in with a myocardial infarction. The man had suffered a couple of infarctions over the years and his family was well aware that the next one could be fatal. Despite our best efforts he died. The family accepted this and were taking the body away, when the youngest son arrived. This guy had been out drinking, and made such a tamasha, threatening to kill the doctors, screaming abuse etc. Eventually the security had to physically throw him out of teh hospital. Often these dramatic and explosive incidents take place to â€Å"demonstrate† grief, however phony it may be. I have witnessed many such incidents, and feel that even if there was negligence, the Consumer Protection Courts are available to redress any complaint. Beating up pepole is not the solution to the problem. Hi rocrab – long time no see , no hear from you on forums†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ OK so you are a Doctor right So lets first establish the fact that you are biased- right or wrong Ok second point – the JJ hospital fiasco was uncalled for thats for sure. And it also highlighted the plight of 100's of overworked doctors and their meagre stipends. But the fact remains is that you do something wrong – you get punished. I do not think Consumer courts should try Doctors. As in lawyers – they should be debarred from practising medicine if found guilty. Anyways the point I want to bring out strongly is that :-1. People do not get in on merit – they pay huge donations – eg – Manipal college. – Totally shameless. 2. You pay to get in – you can also pay to pass. 3. If you do not know what you are doing – naturally you are literally ‘playing God'. So what are we left with – QUACKS by the dozen. That is why I think if some fear is instilled such foul play will lessen. Am starting another new topic on another issue that is close to my heart after the Jessica Lal forum. The recent strike by resident doctors in Mumbai's JJ Hospital because a relative of a victim who died – slapped a doctor caused headlines for several days. My take on this matter is that the Public slaps, verbal and physical abuse,vandalising of hospitals etc is due to the fact that there is no other way to bring negligent Doctors to book in this country. That is why there are more and more instances of public outrage. What is more dangerous is the fact that these doctors who have caused such deaths – CONTINUE to treat patients and put them at risk with their ‘little' knowledge. And last night NDTV debated about this because a one Dr Saha is suing 4 Kolkotta doctors for Rs 77. 7 crore for negligence for his wife's death. So my question is Should such Doctors be tried for negligence and be punished in a court of law or not? If so what sort of court should try them – like the military have a Martial law ! How long can we allow these so called ‘quacks' to get away with murder 18 Mar 2006 07:03 pm 14 Rumhona, Totally agree with what you have said about money taking precedence over merit. Medical colleges operating out of rented premises, lacking basic infrastructure. â€Å"Deemed† universities, sprouting like mushrooms after the rains, with no one to check or monitor the quality of teh education they provide or the â€Å"doctors† they produce. What is practiced by such â€Å"doctors† is criminal, no question of negligence. Unfortunately we have two sets of laws in India, one for the rich and one for the poor, this has been amply demonstrated in the recent past. Despite all this each case has to be judged on its merits. Negligence as defined by law, â€Å"is not doing that which a reasonable doctor would do†. Now what a reasonable doctor would do, is there in black and white, in teh text books. But no text book can describe ALL the medical conditions and the complicating factors. Medicine is also subjective, so things can get tricky. Every view put forward by an expert will be refuted by another equally qualified expert. (An expert being one who knows more and more about less and less, till eventually he knows every thing about nothing. )Finally, the quality of medicine practiced in India is pretty miserable. My wife who is diabetic and hypertensive, was nearly killed by a consultant, who could not see beyond the infection he was treating. Eventually, I had to bring her down to my hospital where she began recovering in 24 hours.

Bmw Research Paper Essay

BMW is enhancing the travel experience for drivers and passengers while also launching a series of new platforms The BMW Group – one of Germany’s largest industrial companies – is also one of the most successful car and motorcycle manufacturers in the world and 2011 was its best year to date. With almost 1. 7 million vehicles sold, the BMW Group is the world’s leading premium manufacturer in terms of sales volume. Its three automobile brands, BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce, and the BMW and Husqvarna motorcycles brands led to record sales of â‚ ¬68. 8bn. During 2011, the company introduced five new BMW models across the 1,3,5 and 6 series as well as the Mini Coupe and the Rolls-Royce 102EX, the first electric vehicle in the ultra-luxury segment. In addition, the company also launched a new sub brand – BMW i – that includes the i3 all-electric and i8 plug-in hybrid concept cars due for launch in 2013. However, as well as selling more products than ever and expanding production capacity, especially for the all-important China market, the company also kicked off a number of strategic partnerships for the future. These included the start of the BMW Peugeot Citroen Electrification joint venture, the acquisition of a strategic investment in SGL Carbon SE and the cooperation with Toyota Motor Corporation in basic research for battery cell technology. Although a significant manufacturer, BMW is not part of a larger company like its main competitor Audi. As BMW invests heavily in innovation to continue to produce the ultimate driving experience, keeping its power options open is key, so as the shift towards electric continues to gather speed these development partnerships are vital elements in the company’s growth strategy.

The Effects of Colonization on Various African Countries...

In trying to analyze the link between colonial rule and nationalist rule, one cannot discount the influence of the past on the present. Analyzing nationalist actions and decisions without taking into account how society got to that point, and the situation of society when power was transferred would be asinine. The effects of colonization on various African countries through border setting and defining ethnic groups, the morphing of ethnic group disputes into class-based struggles, and the stunting of economies through failure to diversify national economies is intrinsically linked to the paths followed by leadership after attaining independence. Previous to colonial rule, African governance took place at the local level. Political power†¦show more content†¦Faced with the prospect of living in an internment or rehabilitation camp, they decided to voice their displeasure through an armed uprising. During the struggle for independence, the natives had a common cause of riddin g themselves of colonial rule. Many were able to look past the divisions that had taken hold in their communities and band together for a common cause. Once independence was achieved, however, there was far from a consensus on how to proceed in ruling their countries. Prior to colonization in Nigeria, ethnic divisions had already begun to give way to class divisions. While colonial rule obviously did not introduce these divisions, it did exacerbate them in order to be used for a political agenda. The Northern part of the country had already begun entrenching itself as the â€Å"merchant class† at the expense of the Southern citizens. (Badru, 81-82). Throughout colonial rule, this was reinforced and this allowed the Northerners to maintain political control and further their accumulation of wealth. Once independence was achieved, the North was able to solidify their stranglehold over the South in writing through their constitution. As Bardu puts it â€Å"The constitution that was forced, by the British on postcolonial Nigeria was one thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Basil Davidson s The Black Slave Trade1248 Words   |  5 Pagesbringing the truth to light with his various videos, each of which consists of informative interviews and educational commentaries on the realities of Africa. Davidson proves the equality of both races and the advancements made on the land before the arrival of Europeans, as well as the downfall after the arrival of Europeans sufficiently with both narratives. In Different but Equal Davidson makes it his mission to inform his audience that Europeans and Africans may differ in physique, however, bothRead MoreColonialism in Africa911 Words   |  4 Pagesand disease (BBC World Service). Some changes were the result of the territorial ambitions of African rulers. 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One story of how a preacher obtained his, the first slave, shows the point. The Missionary purchased a slave who should be supper with a specific end goal to have the young men life saved. Persecution in Africa is deliberate and needs no remuneration! It (servitude and genocide) proceeds disregarding the Europeans attempting to show Africans a preferred path for a few hundred years. For a few,â€Å"colonialism† had